Ehlabathini apho iincasa eziswiti ziyonwabisa inkalakahla kwaye zenza zibeswiti ubomi, iswekile ime njengenye yezona zithako zixatyiswayo neziguquguqukayo kwigastronomy yehlabathi. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, le nto imnandi ibe yinto ebalulekileyo ekudaleni izitya ezininzi kunye neemveliso, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphekeni, ukubhaka kunye neshishini lokutya ngokubanzi. Makhe sibone ukuba kutheni imveliso yeswekile ibaluleke kangaka kwaye yeyiphi eyona mveliso yeswekile enkulu kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kutheni imveliso yeswekile ibaluleke kangaka?
Malunga ne-80% yeswekile yehlabathi iveliswa kummoba okhuliswa kwiindawo ezishushu kunye nemozulu eshushu. I-20% eseleyo ivela kwi-beet yeswekile, ekhuliswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezipholileyo ze-hemisphere esemantla. Kwiphulo le-2022/2023, imveliso yeswekile yehlabathi ilindeleke ukuba ibe yi-182 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric, i-1,7 yezigidi zeetoni ngaphezu konyaka odlulileyo. Amazwe angaphezu kwe-110 avelisa iswekile kwaye ubukhulu begalelo labo buchatshazelwa yizopolitiko zendawo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho. Ngokomzekelo, imfazwe e-Ukraine kulindeleke ukuba inciphise imveliso ye-sugar beet yelo lizwe ngama-23% ngo-2022/2023.

Imveliso yehlabathi yeswekile kunye ne-beet. Umthombo: ResearchGate.
1 EBrazil
Igalelo laseBrazil esele lilikhulu kunikezelo lweswekile yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba lonyuke ngesigidi seetoni kwisivuno sika-2022-2023, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esivumayo. Kwaye oku ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngakumbi nangakumbi imihlaba yaseBrazil inikezelwe kwiimbotyi zesoya kunye nombona. Ukwanda kwemveliso yeli lizwe nako kuyangenelwa kwisigqibo sokutshintsha iqhezu lesityalo somoba saseBrazil sisuka kwimveliso ye-ethanol sisiwe kwimveliso yeswekile. Ukongeza ekubeni ngumvelisi omkhulu weswekile emhlabeni, iBrazil yeyesibini ngobukhulu umvelisi we-ethanol emva kwe-United States. Ukususela phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1990, umthamo weswekile evunwayo yaza yalungiswa eBrazil phantse iphindwe kathathu. Oku kubonakalisa imfuno ekhulayo ye-ethanol evela kummoba kunye namafutha ahlaziyekayo ngokubanzi. Ngokunganciphisi imveliso yokutya ngelo xesha, iBrazil ibonakalise ukusebenza kwayo njengamandla asebenzayo nasebenzayo ekuveliseni i-ethanol.
Ukuveliswa kweswekile kunye ne-ethanol eBrazil ukusuka kwi-2003 ukuya kwi-2022. Umthombo weFitch Solutions.
2 ENdiya
I-Indiya ayikho kude kakhulu emva kweBrazil kwimveliso yeswekile kwaye eneneni ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala ngo-2020. Ikwangumthengi omkhulu wehlabathi weswekile, edla i-29 yezigidi zeetoni zeemetric ngonyaka. I-India yenza phantse i-15% yemveliso yeswekile yehlabathi. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa kweswekile yasekhaya kuyanda. Imveliso yayo iyonke kulindeleke ukuba yehle nge-3% ukuya kwi-35,8 yezigidi zeetoni kwi-2022-2023.
Imveliso, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuvula ibhalansi yeswekile e-Indiya ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-2019. Umthombo: Iinkampani zaseNdiya.
3. EThailand
Ummoba sesinye sezona zityalo zibalulekileyo eThailand, kwaye ilizwe liyachacha kwimbalela eyonakalisa kakhulu imveliso yalo kwiphulo lika-2020-2021. Imveliso kwi-2022-2023 kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwi-10,5 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka okuncinci ukusuka kunyaka odlulileyo. I-Thailand ithumela ngaphandle uninzi lwemveliso yayo yeswekile kwaye eneneni ikwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi (emva kweBrazil) njengomthengisi. Ukusetyenziswa kweswekile yasekhaya eThailand kuyanda, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi ingeniso yelizwe yokuthengisa iswekile kumazwe angaphandle.
Imveliso yeswekile yommoba eThailand ukusuka ngo-2004 ukuya ku-2019. Umthombo: OAE.
4 KwiChina
Imveliso yeswekile yaseTshayina kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ngeetoni ezingama-400.000 ukuya kufikelela kwi-10,1 yezigidi zeetoni kwisivuno sika-2022-2023. Icandelo leswekile yasekhaya laseTshayina libe nobunzima bokukhuphisana kumazwe ngamazwe. Iindleko zayo zemveliso ziphezulu kunezo zabanye bamazwe angaphandle akhuphisana nabo. I-China ivumela i-1,95 yezigidi zeetoni zeswekile ukuba zithengwe kumazwe angaphandle ngonyaka kunye nerhafu ye-15% phantsi kwesivumelwano noMbutho weHlabathi wezoRhwebo9. Kwiminyaka emininzi, i-China yade yanyusa loo 50% yerhafu. Ngo-2019-2020, ixabiso lilonke lokungeniswa ngaphandle kwesabelo esivumelekileyo lalingama-85% okanye nama-95%. Amaxabiso aphelelwe ngoMeyi ka-2020 kwaye i-China ayizange iwahlaziye, ngoko ke abuyele kwi-50%.
Ukuveliswa kommoba kunye ne-beet yeswekile e-China ukusuka kwi-2009 ukuya kwi-2022. Umthombo: Czapp.
5 EUnited States
I-United States ngoku ikwilizwe lesihlanu ngobukhulu emhlabeni, kunye nemveliso elindelekileyo ye-8,2 yezigidi zeetoni ze-metric kwixesha lokukhula kwe-2022-23.12. iswekile emele emhlabeni 45% imveliso yesizwe kunye beet emhlabeni 55%. Nangona kunjalo, esona sityalo semali siswiti saseMelika sivela kwesinye isityalo: umbona. I-United States yavelisa i-7,6 yezigidi zeetoni ezimfutshane zesiraphu yombona ephezulu ye-fructose ngo-2020, ezantsi ukusuka kwincopho engaphezulu kwe-9,1 yezigidi ngo-2012.14 Ezi zimuncumuncu zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezithatha indawo yeswekile kwimizi-mveliso yesiselo, yobisi kunye nokutya okucutshungulweyo.
US esulungekileyo iswekile kunye nemveliso beet ukusuka 2009 ukuya 2022. Umthombo: USDA.