Kwimeko yezolimo yehlabathi jikelele, umbona uvela njengesinye sezityalo eziphambili eziqhuba ukhuseleko lokutya kunye noqoqosho lwamazwe amaninzi. Ngokuguquguquka kwawo kwizicelo ezisusela kwisondlo somntu nesilwanyana ukuya kwimveliso ye-biofuels kunye neemveliso zemizi-mveliso, umbona ufumene ukubaluleka okungenakuthelekiswa nanto kwikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi. Makhe sibone ukuba kutheni umbona ubaluleke kangaka kwaye ngabaphi abona bavelisi bakhulu kwihlabathi.
Kutheni umbona ubaluleke kangaka nje?
Umbona ulinywa ngakumbi kunaso nasiphi na esinye isityalo esiziinkozo, yaye ngesizathu esivakalayo. Kukutya okusisiseko kubantu abaninzi kwaye yenye yezinto eziphambili zokutyisa imfuyo. Umbona sisityalo sezolimo esisetyenziselwa izinto ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele. Isetyenziswa kwiimveliso zoshishino, i-biofuels kunye nokutya. Ikwanceda nokondla abantu abakhulayo. Ummbila usetyenziswa njenge-sweetener ephezulu ye-fructose kukutya okuninzi okucutshungulwayo, kwaye iyona nto iphambili kwioli yombona, isitashi sombona, kunye nesiraphu yengqolowa.

Imveliso yombona yehlabathi (kwizigidi zeetoni) ukusuka ngo-2011 ukuya ku-2021. Umthombo: Statista.
Abavelisi bombona abakhulu aba-6 ehlabathini
Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, uluhlu lwabona bavelisi bakhulu bombona ehlabathini lonke aluzange lwenze utshintsho oluninzi, apho la mazwe mathandathu alandelayo eqhubeka ekhokela kwimigangatho yemveliso yehlabathi:
1 EUnited States
I-United States ngowona mvelisi mkhulu kunye nomthengisi omkhulu wombona ehlabathini, kunye nemveliso kwixesha lonyaka lika-2019-2020 elixhonywe kwi-346,0 yezigidi zeetoni zeemetric. Indawo etyalwe umbona iyatshintsha ukusuka kwixesha lonyaka ukuya kwixesha, kodwa xa lilonke malunga ne-90 yezigidi zeehektare zomhlaba waseMelika zityalwa umbona ngexesha ngalinye. Ukutya okuziinkozo ekhaya kubalelwa kwipesenti enkulu yetotali, kwaye malunga nesiqingatha sisetyenziswe njengokutya okuziinkozo kwimfuyo.
Imveliso yombona e-United States (kwizigidi zeetoni) ukusuka ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2021. Umthombo: iChacra Magazine.
2 KwiChina
Imveliso yombona yaseTshayina ngeli xesha lonyaka iqikelelwa kwi-260,8 yezigidi zeetoni zeemetric, kwaye ityiwa kuphela ekhaya kuphela. Nangona ilizwe lingumlimi omkhulu wombona, inani leehektare zamafama aseTshayina azinikezelayo kumbona kusenokwenzeka ukuba lehle ngoku ekubeni urhulumente ephelisile ukuxhasa amaxabiso ombona wasekhaya. Abalimi banokulindeleka ukuba batshintshele kwizityalo zexabiso eliphezulu ezifana neembotyi zesoya. Ukuba imfuno yombona ihlala iphezulu ngelixa unikezelo lusehla, i-China inokunyusa umthamo wombona ewungenisayo.
Imveliso yombona eTshayina (kwizigidi zeetoni) ukusuka ku-2011 ukuya ku-2021. Umthombo: 3TRES3.
3 EBrazil
IBrazil ngumlimi omkhulu wezityalo ezininzi, njengekofu, iswekile kunye neembotyi zesoya, kwaye ililizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ekuveliseni umbona. Kwi-102 lezigidi zeetoni zombona ekuqikelelwa ukuba eli lizwe liza kuwuvelisa ngonyaka, uninzi luya kusetyenziselwa ukutyiwa ekhaya.
Imveliso kunye nesivuno sombona eBrazil ukusuka ngo-1998 ukuya ku-2019. Umthombo: Amathuba.
4. Ajentina
I-Argentina ngumlimi ophambili kunye nomthengisi omkhulu wombona. Imveliso yombona yonyaka iqikelelwa kwi-51 yezigidi zeetoni zeemetric, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kombona welizwe akubikho nakwi-10 ephezulu emhlabeni. Nangona amanani achanekileyo engafumaneki, oku kuthetha ukuba ithumela ngaphandle kwesiqingatha semveliso yayo.
Uqikelelo lwemveliso yaseArgentina ukusuka kwi-1988 ukuya ku-2019. Umthombo: iRosario Stock Exchange.
5. Ukraine
I-Ukraine yayinerekhodi yombona eveliswe ngo-2019 ene-35,9 yezigidi zeetoni zeemetric. Ilizwe lisebenzise umhlaba walo otyebileyo ukukhulisa imveliso yalo ukusukela kwixesha lalo lonyaka ka-2017, xa livelise ngaphantsi kweetoni ze-metric ezizizigidi ezingama-25.
Ukuvuna umbona e-Ukraine ukususela ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2022. Umthombo: Bloomberg.
6 ENdiya
Uluhlu lwabavelisi abaphezulu luhlala luzinzile unyaka nonyaka. Oko kutshiwo, i-Indiya iyacotha kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo iyalunyusa uluhlu. Ngoku ivelisa iitoni ezizizigidi ezingama-26 zombona ngonyaka.
Imveliso yombona eIndiya ukusuka ku-2010 ukuya ku-2022. Umthombo: Statista