Enye yeenjongo ezinqwenelekayo kubasebenzisi bebhanki kukususa icandelo elikhulu leendleko ezichaphazelekayo ekuqeshweni kweakhawunti yokonga. Zombini ngokubhekisele kwiikhomishini zayo kunye nokunye ukuhlawulwa eveliswe ngolawulo nokugcinwa kwayo. Iindaba ezimnandi kubaninizo kukuba nge-2 kaJulayi, amaziko emboleko akazukukwazi ukubiza ngaphezulu kwe-euro ezi-3 ngenyanga kwiikhomishini zeakhawunti esisiseko.
Lo mlinganiso, osele ubonakalisiwe kwiGazethi kaRhulumente (i-BOE), iya kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bonge unyaka nonyaka malunga ne-100 kunye ne-150 ye-euro yale ndleko. Nangona kunjalo, iBhanki yaseSpain inokuhlaziya ezona mali zibekiweyo zichazwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Ke ayinakugwetywa ngaphandle kokuba emva kweli xesha lifutshane isixa sinokunyuka kancinci. Ungaze phantsi kwezixa zokuxhaphaza njengoko bekusenzeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ngamaxesha afana nalawa akhoyo ngoku xa iibhanki zifumana ingeniso esezantsi ngenxa yokuncipha kwenzala kwimali mboleko. Kungenxa yokuba ixabiso lemali likumanqanaba asezantsi kwimbali yalo, ngakumbi kwi-0%. Njengesicwangciso esenziwe yi-European Central Bank (ECB) ukukhuthaza uqoqosho lwesizwe ngaphakathi kwendawo ye-euro. Kwaye oko kukhokelele kumaxabiso eebhanki kwiimarike ze-equity nazo zehle zaya kumazinga asezantsi kakhulu. Kwanele ukukhumbula ukuba kwezi zihlandlo iintshukumo ze BBVA Basondele kakhulu kwii-euro ezingama-4, xa kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo babejikeleze i-6 okanye i-7 ye-euro ngesabelo ngasinye.
Ukuxolelwa kwiikomishini zeeakhawunti
Ngayiphi na imeko, khange kulindwe ukuba kuphunyezwe eli nyathelo ukuze abanini bale mveliso yebhanki bakwazi ukususa iindleko kulawulo nakulondolozo lwayo. Kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, inxenye enkulu yesibonelelo ibinikezelwa simahla, nangona kunaniselwano kufuneka kuzalisekiswe uthotho lweemfuno ezisisiseko. Njengalezo siziveze apha ngezantsi:
Yakha ukunyaniseka kwabathengi: ngokutsalwa ngqo kwimivuzo yabo okanye umvuzo oqhelekileyo kwimeko yabasebenzi abaziqeshileyo.
Ukufakwa kolondolozo: Ngekhontrakthi yezinye iimveliso zezemali kwaye phakathi kwazo ingxowa mali, iinkqubo zokonga, iinshurensi kunye nezicwangciso zepenshini zibonakala
Ukuxhobisa abathengi abalungileyo: Kukho umkhwa wokuphelisa ezi nkcitho kwiiakhawunti zokonga zabathengi abakhethiweyo bezibhanki. Oko kukuthi, ngebhalansi eyomeleleyo kakhulu kwaye abangazange babe namatyala okanye iinombolo ezibomvu kunye neemveliso ezibhalisiweyo.
Ezona ndleko zibalulekileyo
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kuzo zonke yimvelaphi yolawulo lwayo. Ngomrhumo wonyaka ohleliyo phakathi kwama-5 nama-20 euros, Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lweakhawunti kunye neemeko ekuqeshweni kwayo. Enye inkcitho enefuthe elikhulu kubalo ngokubanzi lwabanini bayo yile inxulunyaniswa ne-overdraft kwimali eseleyo yale mveliso yebhanki. Ngamanani abomvu awoyikwayo kwaye anokukhokelela kuqokelelo lwezohlwayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% kwityala lokutsalwa kwemali.
Ayibalulekanga kangako iikhomishini xa zisenza ugqithiso kwaye ezinexabiso le-0,50 kwilizwe kunye malunga ne-1% kwabo bamiselwe ngokusemthethweni phesheya. Nangona kunjalo, le ntlawulo inokuthintelwa ukuba banikezela ezona akhawunti zibalulekileyo: baxolelwe kwiikhomishini, benomvuzo ophezulu okanye banxulunyaniswa nokubhaliswa kwezinye iimveliso: i-inshurensi, izicwangciso zotyalo-mali okanye enye yezo zithengiswa ziibhanki.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amakhadi etyala okanye okuthenga ngetyala anxulumene neeakhawunti athabatha iindleko ezizinzileyo zolondolozo lwawo. Kodwa loo nto ayinakuba nayo nayiphi na imeko ukuba iimveliso ezikhululekileyo kulo naluphi na uhlobo lweentlawulo zeakhawunti zikhethiwe. Oko kukuthi, a Ugcino lonyaka oluphakathi kwama-20 nama-euro angama-80 kolu luvo. Kwaye ngokudibeneyo bonke baya kuba nefuthe kusetyenziso olunengqiqo ngakumbi kwesi sixhobo sebhanki. Ke ukuze ekugqibeleni ibe yinyani yokuba indleko zayo azikho, njengoko ezinye zeefomathi ngoku zisebenza ukuze zisebenze kunye nebhanki ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunikwa kwengxelo.
Iindleko kwimarike yemasheya
Ukusebenza kwabatyalomali kwiimarike ze-equity kude kube ngoku kuhlala kungatshintshanga. Oko kukuthi, bahlala kwizimo ezifanayo kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo. Apho ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile baxhomekeke kwiirhafu ezibonelelwe ziibhanki ngokwazo. Ngumahluko othile onokuthi ukufikelela kwi-20% phakathi kwenye nenye. Kungenxa yokuba kufanele ukuba iqatshelwe into yokuba iikhomishini ezininzi zenziwe kwaye zahlukile, njengoko kusaziwa ngabatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi abasetyenziselwa ukusebenza nolu didi lweeasethi zemali. Kwaye oko kuthetha ukwenza umzamo omkhulu wezezimali ukwenza ukuba ukugcinwa kwabo kunenzuzo.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kukho umrhumo wolondolozo lwezabelo kwiakhawunti yebhanki. Nokuba ku ipesenti yayo incinci Ngokuqinisekileyo yinkcitho entsha ekufuneka sijongane nayo xa sityala imali kwiimarike zezabelo. Ngentlawulo emele i-0,5% yeemali ezityaliweyo kwaye zenziwa rhoqo ngonyaka. Ewe, yonke le mirhumo okanye amaxabiso ahlala ngaphakathi kwimida efanayo yangaphakathi njengangaphambili. Nangona inokuhambisa i-tab kwiinyanga ezizayo ngamaziko emboleko.
Ixabiso leeflethi kwi-stock exchange
Ngayiphi na imeko, abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi banendlela yokuzikhusela yokugcina inkcitho yabo kwimarike yemasheya. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumgangatho othe tyaba kwaye, njengoko igama lawo libonisa, libaleka isixa semali esiqingqiweyo inyanga nenyanga, yenza imisebenzi oyifunayo. Zombini ezenziwa kube kanye kwaye ziphindaphindwe kwaye yonke imihla. Olu hlobo lweerhafu lukhuthazwa kakhulu kubasebenzisi abo yenza iintshukumo ezininzi kwiimarike zokulingana inyanga nenyanga. Kuba, enyanisweni, ekupheleni kosuku ungagcina ukuya kuthi ga kwiipesenti ezingama-50 kwiindleko zale misebenzi kwintengiso yesitokhwe.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba la maxabiso acwangcisiweyo awanikwanga amandla kuzo zonke izibonelelo ezivela kumashishini ebhanki. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, banciphile kule minyaka idlulileyo njengesiphumo sokungabikho komdla kweebhanki kolu hlobo lwesicwangciso-mali. Ukuya kwinqanaba apho aziqhelekanga kangako kwaye kuyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi ukuzibona kwisibonelelo esikhoyo esinikezelwa kubatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi. Ngamaxabiso aphethwe kuluhlu olusuka kwi-20 ukuya kwi-50 ye-euro malunga. Nokuba yeyiphi na imisebenzi eyenziwayo kwimarike yemasheya inyanga nenyanga.
Iirhafu kwingxowa mali
Ngayiphi na imeko, ukuba kukho imveliso ebonakaliswa kukusasazeka kwee-commissions ezininzi, ayikho enye ngaphandle kwemali yotyalo-mali. Kuyo yonke indalo, ukusuka kwi-equity ukuya kwingxowa-mali yengeniso esisigxina kunye nokuya kwezinye iimodeli. Banokucinga ukuya kuthi ga kwiindidi ezintandathu zeekhomishini ezisuka kulawulo ziye kugcino. Apho ezinye zazo kunyanzelekile kwaye ezinye zinokuzikhethela kwaye zinokwenza imveliso ibize kakhulu ngexesha lokupheliswa kwayo. Nganye yazo isebenza ngaphakathi konxweme olususela kwi-0,5% ukuya kwi-2%. Nangona amaxabiso aphezulu kunqabile ukuba ahlangane, nangona begunyazisiwe ukuba bazenze ziinkampani zolawulo ezijongene nokulungiselela iimali zotyalo mali.
Kwelinye icala, ayinakulityalwa ukuba njengoko ingxowa mali yotyalo-mali isiba nzima, iikhomishini oya kuthi uhlawule ukusukela ngoku ziya phezulu. Njengomzekelo, ingxowa-mali yokulingana yotyalo-mali iya kuhlala inamazinga aphezulu kunemali yengqesho esisigxina. Ngayiphi na imeko, kulunge kakhulu ukuba ngaphambi kokumiselwa ngokusemthethweni kwale mveliso yezemali Uyaziswa ngeekomishini ezibandakanya oko le mifuziselo yotyalo-mali. Ngokukodwa ukunqanda ukumangaliswa okungalindelekanga. Zonke iincwadana zengxowa-mali ezihlangeneyo ziphethe ulwazi kumaxabiso ezi ndleko.
Okokugqibela, qaphela ukuba kwingxowa mali yotyalo-mali ungachitha iipesenti ezi-2 zizonke kwiikhomishini kwaye banokulujongela phantsi utyalomali lwakho kule minyaka izayo. Kungenxa yokuba le yeyona mveliso ibanzi kolu phawu luxhalabisa abatyali mali abancinci nabaphakathi kakhulu. Apho, phakathi kweemali ezimbini ezineempawu ezifanayo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe leyo ineekhomishini ezincinci okanye iindleko ezibandakanyiweyo.
Akumangalisi ukuba, emva kwayo yonke enye yeenjongo zabasebenzisi kule klasi yeemveliso, ukuzama ukugcina imali eninzi. Nganye yazo isebenza ngaphakathi konxweme olususela kwi-0,5% ukuya kwi-2%. Nangona amaxabiso aphezulu kunqabile ukuba ahlangane, nangona begunyazisiwe ukuba bazenze ziinkampani zolawulo ezijongene nokulungiselela iimali zotyalo mali.