Ingxowa-mali yokulingana yotyalo-mali kwihlabathi kunye neengxowa-mali ezixubileyo zizinto ezimbini onokukhetha kuzo ukusukela ngoku ukuya ngaphakathi kwimveliso ebalulekileyo yemali. Kuzo zombini iimeko, ezi ziimodeli zotyalo-mali ezineempawu ezichazwe kakuhle kwaye ezizizo ezahluke kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba bakwazi ukuvelisa imbuyekezo eyahlukileyo ubukhulu becala enyakeni. Kodwa yeyiphi kwezi mali zimbini enokuzilungela iimfuno zethu njengabatyali mali?
Ukuze abasebenzisi babe nolwazi oluthe kratya lokwenza izigqibo, siza kuchaza ukuba zinjani ezi mali zimbini zotyalo-mali. Zombini ezona zilungileyo nakwinxalenye engalunganga yokuqesha kwabo. Ukuze ngale ndlela, sikwimeko yokufumana imbuyekezo ephezulu kwizabelo kwezi modeli zotyalo mali. Nangona kufuneka icacisiwe ukuba ngaphezulu kwako konke Kuxhomekeke kumjikelo wezoqoqosho apho iintengiso zemali zibhaptizwa khona. Ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuyalela ukuba sithathe izigqibo ngandlela thile.
Kukho uphawu olufanayo kwezi ngxowa mali zimbini kwaye yile nto ibhekisa kwiikhomishini ezibandakanya ukwenziwa kwabo ngokusemthethweni. Phezulu, kunangomzekelo kwingeniso esisigxina okanye kwiimali zemali. Nangona kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuba zikhatshwa elungileyo indaleko ziimarike zemali. Ngezinto ezithile esiza kuzihlalutya ukusukela ngoku ukuzama ukwahlula zombini iimodeli zolawulo. Ngeenguqu ezahlula enye kwenye kwaye ezinokwenza abatyali zimali abancinci nabaphakathi bakhethe nayiphi na nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka.
Utyalomali oluxubileyo
Olu didi lwemali lubonakaliswa zezinye iifomathi kuba dibanisa imali engenayo kunye nengeniso esisigxina kumanqanaba aphuhliswe ngabaphathi ngokwabo. Ngelixa kwelinye icala, kufanele ukuba babe noxinzelelo lokuba ingxowa mali yotyalo-mali exubeneyo yindlela yokubakho kwiimarike zezabelo, kodwa ngendlela ethe kratya. Ngamanye amagama, ukukhusela izikhundla kwinxalenye evela kwingeniso esisigxina, ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci. Sisicwangciso-qhinga sotyalo-mali esinokuba luncedo kwezona meko zinzima okanye eziguqukayo kwiimarike zezemali zokulingana. Ngokubi kunye nokuqinisekileyo oku kunayo kwizimali.
Kwelinye icala, iinkampani ezixubeneyo azithambanga kangako ekuphuculweni kwembuyekezo ephezulu kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esinye, banomodareyitha ngakumbi ekuweni. Esi sesinye sezizathu esomeleleyo sokuba kutheni beziimodeli ezikhethiweyo zephrofayili yomtyali mali encinci kunye nophakathi: ukuzikhusela kwaye nalapho ukhuseleko lukhona ngaphezulu kwezinye izinto ezinoburharha. Ingxowa yokonga ethembekileyo okanye encinci izinzile iyafunwa kwixesha eliphakathi nelide. Ngokuchazwa kwizabelo ezifanelekileyo ifikelela kuma-60% epotifoliyo yotyalo-mali.
Iimveliso zehlabathi
Ziyimali yotyalo mali eguqukayo ethi aziphelelanga kwindawo enye. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, bajolisa kwiindawo zabo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentengiso yemali yezi mpawu. Njengoko iyimveliso yehlabathi, oko kuthetha ukuba ukwahluka-hlukanisa kotyalo-mali kunamandla ngakumbi. Ayothusi into yokuba iphothifoliyo yakho ibe nemithombo emininzi evela kutshintshiselwano ngeempahla zamanye amazwe kwaye ixhomekeke kwiindlela ezithathwe ngabaphathi nganye. Ke, ukuncipha kwezinye iimarike zezemali kunokubangelwa kukunyuka kwabanye. Ngokwenyani oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ukhuseleko oluncinci kwiminikelo yezoqoqosho.
Ngelixa kwelinye icala, olu hlobo lotyalo-mali lunoburhalarhume ngakumbi kunakwingxowa-mali exubeneyo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu zokuba kutheni zi-100% zichazwe kutshintshiselwano kwihlabathi liphela ngaphandle kwelinye icandelo lezemali okanye iasethi. Oko kukuthi, yonke imali yakho iya kwii-equity, kodwa kule meko lelinye ilizwe. Ukuba luphawu lokuqala lwesazisi kwaye utyalo-mali lwabo olunokufikelela nakwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba ziimarike ezisakhasayo, ezibuthathaka ngakumbi kwimingcipheko ekusebenzeni.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, yenye yeemali zotyalo mali luxanduva ngakumbi ngokweekhomishini isetyenziswe ngabaphathi belizwe okanye ngaphandle kwemida yethu. Ngethuba lokufumana imbuyekezo ephezulu kwimisebenzi ethile yentengiso yemasheya. Ngelixa kwezinye banokuwa ngesiquphe. Ngesi sizathu, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukwenziwa ngokusesikweni kwezi modeli zotyalo-mali phakathi kwabantu. Apho imingcipheko ihlala ifihlakele ngakumbi kwaye akufuneki ilibaleke nangaliphi na ixesha.
Thelekisa phakathi kwezi mveliso zimbini
Iimali ezihlangeneyo ze-equity mutual Funds zezona zifumene ukukhula ngo-2019 (3.769 yezigidi ngaphezulu kwe-2018), nangona ngokweepesenti khokelela koku kukhula ngokunyuka phantse kwe-16% xa kuthelekiswa noDisemba 2018. Kule meko, konke ukukhula kunemvelaphi yokuhlaziywa kweepotifoliyo zabo ngenxa yempembelelo yentengiso. Emva kwengxowa mali yamazwe aphesheya, ezo zehlabathi zezona ziye zafumana ukukhula okuphezulu ngoJuni phantse nge-893 yezigidi zeerandi. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, baqokelela ukonyuka kwe-equity ye-2.666 yezigidi zeerandi, ngokweedatha zamva nje ezinikezwe nguMbutho wamaZiko okuTyala aManyeneyo kunye neNgxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi (Inverco).
Kwelinye icala, iimali ezihlangeneyo zibhalise inzuzo elungileyo ye-2019% ngoJuni 1,58, apho inzuzo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka ifikelela kwi-4,83%, emele eyona nzuzo ibalaseleyo yembali eqokelelwe kwisemester yokuqala yeemali zotyalo-mali. Onke amacandelo afumene imbuyekezo entle (ngaphandle kweedge fund), eqaqambisa abo banobunzima obukhulu kwii-portfoliyo zabo, ezinjengezabelo ze-US kunye ne-European equities, kunye nenyanga nenyanga ezibuyisa i-5,23% kunye ne-4,81% ngokwahlukeneyo. Inkqubo ye- Amashishini aseMelika Ikwangoyena mntu unenzuzo ephezulu eqokelelwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo nyaka, nge-15,30%.