ISalathiso seXabiso loMthengi, esaziwa ngokuba yiCPI, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwihlabathi lezoqoqosho. Esi salathiso sidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusiboneleleni ngefestile kutshintsho lwexabiso lempahla kunye neenkonzo esizisebenzisa mihla le. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ngokweenkcukacha ukuba yiyiphi i-CPI, injongo yayo esisiseko, indlela ebalwa ngayo, kunye nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo ukulinganisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukongezelela, siya kutyhila iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-CPI ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya ukuguquka kwamaxabiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho kunye nobudlelwane obunjani kunye nezinga lokungasebenzi.
Yintoni iCPI
ISalathiso seXabiso loMthengi (CPI) ngumlinganiselo oyimfuneko kwihlabathi lezoqoqosho. Luphawu oluphambili olunceda oorhulumente, amashishini kunye nabathengi baqonde kwaye bavavanye ukuvela kwamaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo kuqoqosho olunikiweyo. I-CPI ibonelela ngamagqabantshintshi ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto kwaye sisixhobo esisisiseko kwezoqoqosho esivumela ukuba silinganise ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nokuqonda ukuba amaxabiso ezinto kunye neenkonzo abuchaphazela njani ubomi babantu bemihla ngemihla kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ukubala nohlalutyo lwayo lubalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo zoqoqosho ezinolwazi.
Ukuzivelela konyaka kweCPI eSpain. Umthombo: INE.
Yenzelwe ntoni
I-CPI isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukwahluka kwinqanaba lexabiso lebhaskithi yempahla kunye neenkonzo ezimele abathengi abaqhelekileyo. Oku kuvumela oosoqoqosho, abahlalutyi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu ukuba bahlole ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, okukunyuka okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuzinzileyo kumaxabiso. Ukwehla kwamandla emali kunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kuqoqosho, njengoko kunokutshabalalisa amandla okuthenga abantu kwaye kuchaphazele uzinzo lwezoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ukongeza ekuhloleni ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, i-CPI iphinda isetyenziswe ekuboniseni imivuzo kunye nezivumelwano, ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Kukwabalulekile ekubaleni iSambuku seMveliso yasekhaya (i-GDP), engumlinganiselo osisiseko wohlumo loqoqosho.
Isebenza njani i-CPI
I-CPI ibalwa ngothotho lwamanyathelo:
Amaqela enza i-IPC. Umthombo: CaixaBank Blog.
Iintlobo ze-CPI
Kukho iindidi ezininzi ze-CPI ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo oqoqosho okanye ngeenjongo ezithile.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweCPI kunye nezinga lentswela-ngqesho
Ngokona luvo lubanzi, i-CPI kunye namazinga entswela-ngqesho adla ngokuzalana ngendlela echaseneyo. Oku akusoloko kunjalo kulo lonke uqoqosho, kodwa iFederal Reserve ihlala izama ukuthoba imetric enye ngelixa ibhalansisa enye. Umzekelo, ukuphendula ubhubhani we-COVID-19, iFederal Reserve yathatha amanyathelo olawulo angazange abonwe ngaphambili ukuvuselela uqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko, imarike yezemisebenzi yomelela kwaye yabuyela kumazinga angaphambi kobhubhane ngoMatshi ka-2022; Nangona kunjalo, olu hlaziyo lukhokelele kuqikelelo oluphezulu lweCPI kumashumi eminyaka. Ngenxa yoqikelelo lwe-CPI oluphezulu kunolulindelweyo, i-Federal Reserve yaqala ukunyusa inzala kunye nokunciphisa ukuthengwa kwe-asethi ethile. Kwelinye icala, la manyathelo ajolise ekucutheni ukukhula koqoqosho, enze ukuba kubize kakhulu kubathengi ukufumana amatyala kunye nokucothisa ukukhula kobonelelo lwemali. Kwelinye icala, ezi ndleko zongezelelekileyo zinokuthwalisa amakhaya uxanduva kwaye zenze amashishini angabi nangeniso. Zonke izinto zilingana, xa i-Fed izama ukunciphisa i-CPI, ibeka umngcipheko wokunyusa ngokungaqhelekanga izinga lokungasebenzi.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinga lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye nezinga lentswela-ngqesho. Umthombo: Uncedo lwezoQoqosho.