Imarike yezabasebenzi yaseSpain iyaqhubeka ibonisa amandla akhethekileyo, aphawulwe yi imijikelo yokuqesha kunye neencopho zamaxesha onyaka eziphindaphindwa unyaka nonyaka kwaye, kude nokunyamalala, ziyaguquka njengoko uqoqosho, ubuchwepheshe kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa zitshintsha. Kubasebenzi kunye namashishini, ukulindela le ntshukumo kuye kwaba yinto efunekayo yobuchule, kungekuphela nje ukufumana amathuba emisebenzi, kodwa nokuqonda ifuthe lokwenyani lemveliso yesizwe. Nangona ixesha lonyaka lizingisa, iminyaka yakutshanje izise uphuhliso olutsha: utshintsho kubude bamaxesha aphakamileyo okuqeshwa, amacandelo amatsha aqhuba ingqesho, kunye namandla ekudalweni kwemisebenzi efanele uhlalutyo olunzulu.
Kolu hlalutyo lunzulu, siza kucazulula iinkcukacha zamva nje kunye nentsingiselo, sidibanisa ulwazi olusuka kwiingxelo eziphambili, ii-portals zemisebenzi, kunye neziphumo ezisemthethweni. Ngoko ke, siya kuyilungisa nzulu Xa iincopho eziphambili zokuqesha zenzeka eSpain, ngawaphi amacandelo kunye neengingqi ezijongene nazo, kunye nendlela iikontraka, izithuba, kunye nemivuzo eziqhubekayo ngayo kwimeko yenguqu ephezulu kunye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali. Ukuba ufuna ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo oomatshini bokwenyani bengqesho kwilizwe lethu, eli nqaku lelakho.
Imarike yabasebenzi baseSpain kunye nobume bayo bonyaka
ISpain lilizwe apho i- ixesha lengqesho ihlala iluphawu olubalulekileyo. Ngokweengcali kunye nedatha esemthethweni equlunqwe yimibutho efana noKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye neSebe lezaBasebenzi, ukunxulumana kunye namava okuqesha kuphawulwe ukwahluka ngeenxa zonke. iziganeko zoqoqosho kunye nemijikelo yonyaka ichazwe kakhulu. Iincopho zobulungu zidla ngokungqamana nephulo lasehlotyeni, ngoxa ezona ntlambo zinzulu zibonwa phakathi ebusika, ingakumbi emva kwexesha leKrismesi nokuvalwa kwezivumelwano zokwexeshana ezinxulumene norhwebo nokubuk’ iindwendwe.
Ubume bemarike yethu yezemisebenzi buxhomekeke kakhulu kumacandelo afana nala ukhenketho, ububele, urhwebo kunye nemfundo, apho imfuno yabasebenzi iguquguquka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka. Umzekelo, elona nani liphezulu lobhaliso loKhuseleko lweNtlalo lidla ngokuvela phakathi kwe-20 kaJuni kunye ne-20 kaJulayi. Ngo-2023, incopho yafikelelwa ngoJuni 20 nge. 20,95 yezigidi zabaxhasi, ehlala kumanqanaba aphezulu ukuya ehlotyeni. Ezi ncopho zihamba kunye nokuqala kwexesha labakhenkethi, xa iihotele, iiresityu, kunye necandelo leenkonzo lonke liqinisa abasebenzi babo.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphakamileyo zivelisa umphumo we-cascading: njengoko ihlobo liqhubeka, kwaye nangakumbi ekupheleni kwexesha lokutyelela kunye nomnyaka wesikolo, inani lamalungu liqala ukuhla ngokukhawuleza. Ukuncipha okuphawulekayo kwenzeka ngoJanuwari, xa ukuphela kweekontraka zonyaka kwintengiso kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe kwazisa inani lamalungu kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu kulo nyaka. NgoJanuwari 2023, usuku olunamalungu asezantsi yayiyi-31st, kunye 20,04 izigidi, phantse isigidi esingaphantsi kwencopho yehlobo.
Ixesha lisekhona ngaphandle kohlaziyo lwakutshanje lwezemisebenzi. Iikhontrakthi zexeshana zihamba phambili kumacandelo amaninzi onyaka, nangona kukho inkqubela phambili kumgangatho wekhontrakthi kunye nokuzinza ukususela kwinguqu yomthetho ngo-2022. Ixesha lonyaka alichaphazeli kuphela ukhenketho kodwa nemfundo kunye norhwebo, apho ukugqitywa kwamaphulo kunye nezifundo kugqiba ixesha lengqesho.
Amaxesha aphambili okuqeshwa eSpain
Ngaphaya kwedatha yonyaka, kufanelekile ukujonga kufutshane amaxesha aphambili okudala imisebenzi eSpain:
- Ehlotyeni (Juni-Julayi): Eli candelo linika elona nani likhulu leekhontrakthi, eziqhutywa yimfuno evela kwicandelo lezokhenketho. Iinkampani ze ukubuk 'iindwendwe kunye nokutya Baba ngabavelisi abakhulu bengqesho esisigxina kunye neyethutyana.
- Intwasahlobo (Aprili-Meyi): Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekupheleni kweminyaka ye-Ista, ehlala ingqamana ne-boom yokuqala enkulu yokwamkela iindwendwe kunye nokhenketho, kodwa ikwachaphazela ezolimo kunye nezothutho.
- Ukuphela konyaka (Okthobha-Novemba-Disemba): Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kukho a Ukunyuka kokuqeshwa ngexesha lephulo lokuthengisa eqala ngeBlack Friday kwaye iphele ngentengiso kaJanuwari. Amacandelo afana nokuthenga, ulungiselelo, kunye nogcino lwazi afumana ezona ndawo zinamandla ngeli xesha.
El uhlalutyo lwe-InfoJobs kunye no-Esade for 2024, le pateni iqinisekisiwe: eyona ncopho iphawuleka kakhulu kwizithuba ingqamana Oktobha noNovemba, iinyanga eziphambili ngenxa confluence amaphulo zorhwebo kunye nokuqala imibhiyozo Christmas. Incopho yesibini enkulu yenzeka phakathi kuka-Epreli no-Agasti, ixesha elibalulekileyo kukhenketho, ububele, kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene ne-Ista nehlobo.
Iintlambo zenzeka ikakhulu ngoJanuwari nango-Agasti. UDisemba, iminyaka edlulileyo yayiyenye yeenyanga eziphakamileyo ekupheleni kwexesha leeholide, ngoku ibona umthamo ophantsi wezinto ezinikezelwayo, njengoko ezinye iindawo zokubhukisha ziziswa ngoNovemba kwaye ukunyuka kwentengiso kusasazeka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okuthengisa.
Idatha yakutsha nje ngobulungu, izithuba kunye nentswela-ngqesho
Ukukhula kwengqesho eSpain kule minyaka idlulileyo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kujongwa kwakhona ubhubhani we-COVID-19. Phakathi kwe-2021 kunye ne-2023, inani lokhuseleko loluntu likhule ngaphezu kwesigidi esinye, lifikelela ngaphezu kwe-21 yezigidi zabasebenzi ekupheleni kwe-2023, ngokwe-Eurostat. Ngo-Epreli ka-2025, irekhodi larekhodwa kunye 230.993 amalungu amatsha kwinyanga nje enye enkosi kutsalo lweshishini lokwamkela iindwendwe ngexesha leVeki eNgcwele, libeka inani lilonke ngeenxa zonke 21,6 izigidi yabaxhasi.
Ngokuphathelele ukungasebenzi, ngo-Aprili 2025 ivaliwe Abayi-2.512.718 abaphangeli, elona nqanaba lisezantsi ukususela ngo-2008. Okona kwehla kakhulu bekukwicandelo leenkonzo, kuxhaswe kukukhula kwezokhenketho kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe, kunye nolwakhiwo kunye noshishino. Ubalule ukuhla kwentswela-ngqesho kulutsha, ngokuthi lehle ngamawaka amabini amawaka abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu kuTshazimpuzi, nto leyo ebeke inani labantu abatsha abangaphangeliyo kwimbali ephantsi kule nyanga.
Inguquko yokuqesha ikwabonisa uzinzo olukhulu. Ipesenti yabasebenzi abaneemvumelwano ezisisigxina ifikelele kwi-88% yamalungu, nangona ngaphezulu kwe-55% yeekhontrakthi ezitsha ezisayiniweyo enyangeni ibizezexeshana, nto leyo ebonisa ukuzingisa kwemisebenzi emibini. Xa kuthelekiswa nolunye uqoqosho olukhulu lwe-EU, i-dynamism yaseSpain inkulu: ukususela ngo-2022 ukuguqulwa kwabasebenzi, ubulungu bukhule nge-9,3%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-6,4% e-Italy, i-1,9% eFransi, kunye ne-1,6% eJamani.
Indima yamacandelo ezoqoqosho: ukhenketho, ukwamkela iindwendwe, ulungiselelo, iteknoloji nokunye
Ixesha lonyaka lemarike yabasebenzi libonakala ngakumbi kwi ububele, ukhenketho kunye norhwebo, kodwa nakwimisebenzi efana nokwakha, ukuvelisa kunye nemfundo. Ingxelo yeFuncas kunye nohlahlelo lweqonga lwe-Inene luqaqambisa ukuba phakathi kowama-2020 no-2024, ukukhula kwengqesho bekuxhaphakile, nangona kumazinga ahluke kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwicandelo:
- Ukwamkela iindwendwe kunye nokhenketho: Ziyi-protagonists zehlobo kunye ne-Easter peaks, kunye nokunyuka kwamalungu angaphezu kwe-100.000 ngo-Ephreli 2025 yedwa. Bamele umqhubi oyintloko wobulungu bexesha, kodwa kunye nokuguquguquka okukhulu.
- Ulungiselelo nokuthenga: Isabelo salo sakhula malunga ne-9% ngonyaka, eqhutywa kukunyuka kwe-e-commerce kunye nedijithali, kunye neencopho eziphawulekayo ekwindla nasebusika (amaphulo orhwebo). Ngo-2024, ukuvuleka kwemisebenzi kulungiselelo lolungiselelo kuye kwakhula kakhulu, kukho izithuba ezingama-291.649, ngaphezulu kwama-20.000 kunonyaka ophelileyo.
- Itekhnoloji kunye ne-IT: Nangona izithuba zabo zemisebenzi ziye zanqunyulwa ngo-2024, bayaqhubeka nokubonelela ngeyona mivuzo iphakamileyo, ngaphezulu kwe-€34.000 ngonyaka.
- Ishishini lokwakha kunye nelemveliso: Ukukhula kwaba yi-109% kunye ne-123% ngokulandelelanayo ngaphezu kwamanqanaba angaphambi kobhubhane, ebonisa ukuchacha okuqhumayo kunye nemfuno ezinzileyo yabasebenzi.
- Ezinye iinkonzo: Oku kuquka imisebenzi efana nobugcisa, ukuzonwabisa, ukucoca, inkonzo yabathengi, ukuqhuba, ukulungisa ukutya, nokunyamekela impilo, nto leyo edla ngokukhula ngamaxesha eeholide nangexesha leKrismesi.
Ukuqeshwa kwexeshana kuhlala kuphezulu kula macandelo, nangona imeko jikelele ikhomba kwinguqu ephezulu yezithuba, oku kuthetha ukuba izithuba ziyazaliswa kwaye zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yemfuno eqhubekayo kunye nedijithali yeenkqubo zokugaya.
Amandla amatsha: inguqu, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nemivuzo
Imakethi yezemisebenzi yaseSpain ayikhuli nje kuphela: iba. Ngokwedatha evela kwi-Ewe kunye neFuncas, ukuvulwa kwemisebenzi eSpain kukhule nge-2020% ukusuka ngoFebruwari 2024 ukuya kuFebruwari 50, ukufikelela kumanqanaba embali. Nangona kunjalo, ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ukuhla kwe-8% kwisitokhwe esipheleleyo sezinto ezinikezelwayo kufunyenwe, nangona ukunyuka kwezibonelelo ezitsha kuqhubekile ukunyuka, kubonisa ukuba umjikelo oguquguqukayo kunye noguquguqukayo.
Olu tshintsho lukhawulezileyo lwezithuba zemisebenzi lubangelwe yimiba emibini: ukwenziwa kwedijithali kweephothali zemisebenzi (okwenza kube lula ukupapashwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuvalwa kwezithuba) kunye nemfuno yokuzalisa izithuba ngokukhawuleza kumacandelo anemfuno ephezulu. Umzekelo, ngo-2023 umyinge wenyanga wokunikezelwa kwemisebenzi emitsha kwi-Ewe eSpain yayingama-53.000, ikhatshwa malunga Zizigidi ezi-7,6 zophando lwenyanga. Kwi-InfoJobs kuphela, umndilili wezithuba zemisebenzi ezingama-200.000 zaposwa ngenyanga ngo-2024.
El Ngenene isalathi somvuzo ibonisa ukuba unxulumano phakathi kwenani lemisebenzi ethenjisiweyo kunye nokunyuswa kwemivuzo yomelele ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yomvuzo ophantsi kunye nophakathi, apho ukukhula kwemivuzo kuye kwafikelela phantse kwi-6% ngo-2023.
Amaxesha onyaka ngokoluntu oluzimeleyo
Las iyantlukwano ngokwemimandla Kwingqesho yexesha elithile bayaphawuleka kwaye bafanele ukukhankanywa ngokukodwa. IMadrid kunye neCatalonia zilawula imarike yomsebenzi, emele i-26% kunye ne-21%, ngokulandelanayo, kwizithuba ezipheleleyo kwi-InfoJobs ngo-2024. I-Andalusia kunye noLuntu lwaseValencian luthatha izikhundla ezilandelayo, nangona ukuvulwa kwemisebenzi kule mimandla kwehle xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, ngaphandle kweMadrid, egcina ukukhula kwayo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimivuzo, iLizwe laseBasque kunye neNavarre likhokelela elona nqanaba liphezulu lemivuzo elinikezelwayo, lilandelwa yiMadrid kunye neAndalusia. Kwelinye icala, i-Extremadura yayiyeyona ndawo apho imivuzo ibonelelwayo yehle kakhulu ngo-2024, yehla ngomndilili we-2.843 yee-euro xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo.
Iimpembelelo zamaxesha onyaka ecandelo nazo ziyahluka kwimimandla yonke: imimandla eselunxwemeni kunye nezo zinomthwalo omkhulu wabakhenkethi namava encopho yobulungu ngexesha lehlobo nange-Ista, ngelixa imimandla yemizi-mveliso efana nelizwe laseBasque kunye neNavarre inemfuno ezinzileyo unyaka wonke.
Isiphumo sohlaziyo lwezabasebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ephezulu yexabiso elongezelelweyo
Olunye lolona phuhliso lubalulekileyo kutshintsho lwekhontrakthi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ibe uhlaziyo lwezabasebenzi luka-2022. Olu tshintsho lomthetho lonyuse ingqesho esisigxina kunye nokuzinziswa kwabasebenzi, nangona iincopho zokuqeshwa kwamaxesha athile ziqhubeka. Ukususela ekuphunyezweni kohlaziyo, uKhuseleko lweNtlalo longeze i-1,74 yezigidi zabasebenzi abongezelelweyo, abaninzi babo abanezivumelwano ezizinzileyo.
Impembelelo ye imisebenzi ephezulu yokongeza ixabiso yenye indlela yokuya phezulu. Amacandelo afana nolwazi, unxibelelwano, kunye nemisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa zikhule ngaphezu kwe-15% ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2021, ngaphezu komndilili. Oku kuyachasana nokwanda kwexesha lonyaka kunye nemo yethutyana yoshishino lokwamkela iindwendwe, nangona zombini zikho kunye kwaye ziyancedisana kulwakhiwo lwemveliso yelizwe.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nemfuno yeeprofayili zobuchwepheshe ziye zaqinisa imfuno yokulungelelanisa nokutyala imali kuqeqesho oluqhubekayo, njengoko ezona zakhono zifunwa kakhulu zivela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukungahambelani phakathi kokunikezelwa kwetalente kunye nemfuno kuhlala kuyinkxalabo kubaqeshi.
Imbono yamazwe ngamazwe: iSpain ngokuchasene neYurophu
Imarike yabasebenzi yaseSpain ibonise a amandla amakhulu kakhulu kunomyinge we-eurozone, ngakumbi kwi-post-bhubhane recovery. Phakathi kuka-2021 no-2023, iSpain iphinde yaphinda kabini inqanaba lokukhula kwengqesho xa kuthelekiswa ne-eurozone, ngenxa yokubuyiselwa kwemisebenzi elahlekileyo kunye nokukhula okuphezulu kwendlela kunangaphambili kobhubhane.
Ngaphaya koko, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kuye kwavakala kakhulu apha kunakumazwe angabamelwane: ngo-2023, i-8% yeenkampani zemizi-mveliso, i-13% yeenkampani zokwakha, kunye ne-23% yeenkampani zenkonzo ichaze ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi njengowona mqobo ekunyuseni imveliso. Lo mceli mngeni uye wehla ekuqaleni kuka-2024, nangona uhlala ungaphezulu kwamanqanaba embali.
Ngokumalunga nomvuzo, ukukhula kweSpeyin kwakuhambelana ne-eurozone ngexesha lokubuyisela, nangona i-rebound yabonakala ngakumbi, ifikelela kwi-6,3% xa kuthelekiswa ne-5,2% eYurophu kwinqanaba layo. Okwangoku, ukukhula kwemivuzo kuyacotha kodwa kuhlala kungaphezulu komndilili waseYurophu.
Iimpawu zeportal yomsebenzi: InfoJobs, Ngokwenene, kunye neminye imithombo
Amaqonga edijithali ayitshintshile indlela esikhangela ngayo imisebenzi kunye nokulinganisa imijikelo yokuqesha. InfoJobs y Kanjalo Zezona mithombo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukujonga imarike yabasebenzi baseSpain. Ngo-2024, i-InfoJobs yabhalisa ngeenxa zonke 2,4 yezigidi zezithuba (nge-3% ngaphantsi kunonyaka ophelileyo) kunye nabaviwa abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-4 ababhalisiweyo, nto leyo enika umbono wokhuphiswano oluphezulu phakathi kwabafuna umsebenzi.
Ingxelo edibeneyo ye InfoJobs y Esade Ibonisa ukuba incopho yenyanga yezithuba kwi-2024 yayingama-241.022 ngo-Okthobha, ehambelana nokuqala kwephulo lokuthengisa lokuphela konyaka. UDisemba, kwelinye icala, yayiyinyanga enezona zibonelelo zimbalwa. Iindidi ezinezithuba ezininzi ibikukuthenga, ulungiselelo, kunye nogcino, kunye nezorhwebo kunye nentengiso, ubugcisa kunye nezobugcisa, kunye namacandelo etekhnoloji.
En Kanjalo, i-avareji yenyanga yezithuba zemisebenzi emitsha ngo-2023 yayingama-53.000, kunye nomkhwa onyukayo wokutshintsha kwemisebenzi kunye nonxulumano olucacileyo phakathi kweencopho zemisebenzi kunye nokunyuswa kwemivuzo. Inene indlela yokusebenza, exhaswa zizifundo eziqhutywe nguFuncas, ibonisa ukuba icandelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwejografi yokuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi kwi-intanethi ihambelana ngokufanelekileyo nedatha esemthethweni, nangona kusoloko kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuthumela enye kunokubonisa izithuba ezininzi kwaye eminye imisebenzi ayixhonywanga kula majelo.
Imisebenzi kunye namaqela eengcali: Apho imfuno isanda kakhulu?
Ulwahlulo lwemisebenzi luqaqambisa ukuba ezona profayili zifunwa kakhulu ezinemfuno ephezulu azisoloko zikumgangatho ophezulu. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokuvelisa kubone ukonyuka kwesalamane emva kobhubhane, kulandelwa kukujongana nabathengi kunye nezinye iinkonzo.
Phakathi kwezona ndidi zinemivuzo iphantsi, imisebenzi enengeniso ephezulu kunye nomthamo ophezulu wokuthumela imisebenzi ibone ukonyuka kwemivuzo okubalulekileyo. Imisebenzi yobuchwephesha bemveli kunye nemisebenzi ephezulu yomvuzo, kwelinye icala, ibonisa indlela ezinzile, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okukhulu kwemfuno okanye imivuzo enikezelwayo.
Ukukhula komvuzo wokwenene (ukulungelelaniswa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso) kuye kwachazwa ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi ephantsi kunye nephakathi, ukuphendula uxinzelelo oluvela kumvuzo omncinci kunye nokunqongophala kweengcali kumacandelo achaphazelekayo kakhulu yi-turnover.
Ikamva langoku: Ngaba iincopho kunye nexesha lonyaka liya kuqhubeka?
Umkhwa weminyaka yakutshanje ubonisa oko Ixesha lonyaka lihlala liyinto ephambili kwimakethi yabasebenzi yaseSpain, kodwa kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo olwenzekayo. Iincopho zokuqeshwa zikholisa ukwandiswa, zisasazwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka ngokuxhomekeke kumaphulo okuthengisa kunye neziganeko zokwazisa. Ngaphaya koko, idijithali ivumela iinkampani ukuba zilungelelanise amaqela azo ngokukhawuleza, ukunciphisa ubude bamaxesha aphezulu kodwa zonyusa amaxesha okuqesha.
Imingeni kwixesha elizayo elikhawulezayo libandakanya ukunciphisa ubumbano obusekwe kwixesha, ukuhlanganisa uzinzo lwekhontrakthi, kunye nokomeleza uqeqesho kwizakhono zedijithali kunye nezobuchwepheshe, eziye zanda ngokuqhubekayo kuzo zombini imisebenzi emitsha kunye namacandelo amaninzi emveli.
Le marike itshintsha rhoqo ibonisa ukuba ixesha le-boom kunye ne-bust periods lichazwe ngokucacileyo, ephawulwa ngamandla okhenketho, urhwebo, kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe, kodwa nangokubaluleka okukhulayo kolungiselelo, iteknoloji, kunye neenkonzo zokongezwa kwexabiso eliphezulu. Ukulindela kunye nokuguquguquka kuya kuba ngundoqo kubasebenzi kunye namashishini kule meko iqhubekayo.