Ukuqesha umsebenzi wasemakhitshini eSpain kubandakanya ukuthobela uthotho lwezibophelelo ezisemthethweni, kodwa kusenokubandakanya ugcino lwezoqoqosho olubalulekileyo enkosi ngokwahlukileyo Ukunciphisa, izaphulelo kunye neebhonasi kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo ekhoyo ngoku. Ezi zikhuthazi ziye zavela kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso lwemithetho kunye namaxesha otshintsho anokuphakamisa inkxalabo kubaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi basekhaya. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo izaphulelo ezifumanekayo zokuqesha umsebenzi wasekhaya, indlela afaka ngayo isicelo, zeziphi iimfuno ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe, kwaye yintoni entsha ngo-2025.
Kweli nqaku sisombulula yonke imibuzo yakho ngokucacisa okwahlukileyo iinzuzo zerhafu kunye neebhonasi imimiselo yangoku, impembelelo yabo kwiminikelo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo, kunye namatyala akhethekileyo afana neentsapho ezinkulu, abantu abakhubazekileyo, okanye iimeko zexeshana. Konke oku kwenziwa ngolwimi oluthe ngqo, olucacileyo ukuze wazi kakuhle ukuba unelungelo lokukufumana njani kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa.
Kutheni kukho izaphulelo xa kuqeshwa umsebenzi wasekhaya?
Ukuqesha ngokusesikweni umntu ekhaya ngundoqo ekulweni uqoqosho oluphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuqinisekisa amalungelo asisiseko omsebenzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uRhulumente kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo baye baseka uluhlu lwe inkuthazo yezoqoqosho ejolise kubaqeshi obhalisa ngokuchanekileyo umsebenzi wasekhaya. Ezi zaphulelo zijolise ekwenzeni zombini ingqesho entsha kunye nabo bahlengahlengisa iimeko zangaphambili zibe nomtsalane ngokwasezimalini.
Los izaphulelo kunye neebhonasi Zichaphazela ikakhulu i igalelo lenyanga loKhuseleko loLuntu ekufuneka ihlawulwe ngumqeshi, kwaye isetyenziswe ngokuzenzekelayo okanye ngesicelo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko nganye ethile. Imimiselo yayo ihlaziywe, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphonononga utshintsho lolawulo lweminyaka yakutshanje ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nzuzo ilahlekileyo.
Izaphulelo eziphambili ezizenzekelayo kwiminikelo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo
Okwangoku, abantu abaqeshe umsebenzi wasekhaya eSpain banokuxhamla kwizibonelelo ezininzi. izaphulelo ezizenzekelayo kwiminikelo yoKhuseleko lweNtlalo. Ezi zaphulelo zisebenza okoko nje kungekho ityala elingekahlawulwa noKhuseleko lweNtlalo okanye uNondyebo, imeko ebalulekileyo yokufikelela kuyo nayiphi na ibhonasi.
Phakathi kwezaphulelo eziphambili zezi:
- I-20% isaphulelo kwintlawulo yeemeko eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo: Oku kukunciphisa okuqhelekileyo kwaye kusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwigalelo leshishini.
- Isaphulelo sama-80% kwiinzuzo zokungaphangeli: Oku kubonisa ukongiwa okukhulu komqeshi kwaye kukhuthaza ukwenziwa rhoqo kwecandelo.
- 80% isaphulelo kwiikowuteshini zeFOGASA (iSary Guarantee Fund): Isebenza kwimirhumo kule ngxowa-mali kwimeko yabasebenzi basemakhitshini ababhaliswe kwinkqubo eyodwa.
- I-75% yokunciphisa umrhumo wezinto eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhubazeka kwexeshana Kubasebenzi ababhinqileyo abaneminyaka engama-62 nangaphezulu: Lo mgaqo ujonge ukukhusela ukuqeshwa kwabantu abadala kwicandelo lasekhaya ngexesha lekhefu lokugula.
Enye yeenzuzo zezi izaphulelo kukuba uninzi lusetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo xa ubhalisa kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo, ngaphandle kokuba idatha enikeziweyo ichanekile kwaye iimfuno zifezekisiwe. Akukho zicelo zongezelelweyo ezifunekayo ukonwabela ezi zibonelelo.
Ngaphezu koko, umnikelo wenyanga ohlawulwa ngumqeshi sisimbuku semirhumo yabo kunye neyomsebenzi, kwaye umnikelo ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwiziseko zeminikelo ezipapashwa minyaka le nguRhulumente.
Uphuhliso lwamva nje lwemithetho: Umthetho wasebukhosini 16/2022 kunye noMthetho 11/2023
Imigaqo emalunga neebhonasi kunye nezaphulelo zokuqesha abasebenzi basemakhitshini itshintshile kule minyaka yakutsha nje. Yena Ummiselo wasebukhosini-Umthetho 16/2022 kunye Umthetho 11/2023 Baye balungisa, bagxadazela ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimeko kunye neemfuno zokufikelela kwiibhonasi ezithile.
Isuka kwi 1 de enero de 2023 Unciphiso lwama-20% lusetyenziswa kwigalelo lomqeshi kwigalelo leemeko ezingalindelekanga ezifanayo kwinkqubo eyodwa kubasebenzi basekhaya, ikhatshwa yibhonasi ye-80% yentswela-ngqesho kunye neFOGASA ekhankanywe ngasentla.
Njengenye indlela yokunciphisa i-20%, iibhonasi zaziswa 45% okanye 30% kubaqeshi ngokusekelwe kwingeniso kunye nempahla yabo, nangona ukungena ngokusebenzayo kwalo mgaqo kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lolawulo kwaye wamiselwa ngokuqinisekileyo 1 April 2024. Oko kukuthi, ukususela ngaloo mhla, abo bahlangabezana neemfuno-njengabaqeshi abanengeniso elinganiselweyo okanye i-asethi-banokukhetha ibhonasi ephezulu ye-45% (kwaye kwezinye iimeko, i-30%) endaweni ye-20% isaphulelo.
Kukho ngaphandle kwiintsapho ezinkulu, ezinokuthi zigcine 45% ibhonasi kwimirhumo ngaphandle kokuba umkhathaleli wayeqeshwe ngaphambi komhla woku-1 ku-Epreli 2023; Kwiikhontrakthi ekungenwe kuzo phakathi komhla woku-1 ku-Epreli 2023, noMeyi 10, 2023, ikwagcinwa ngokubulela kuhlengahlengiso oluqaliswe nguMthetho 11/2023.
Olu tshintsho lujolise ekulungiseni inkqubo kwiimfuno zamakhaya kunye nokuthintela ukungalingani ekufikeleleni kwiibhonasi.
Izaphulelo kunye neebhonasi kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo: iintsapho ezinkulu, ukukhubazeka, kunye neemeko ezithile
Ukongeza kwizaphulelo eziqhelekileyo, kukho iibhonasi ezongezelelweyo kwiimeko ezithile. Oku kulandelayo kugqame ngokukodwa:
- 45% ibhonasi kwiintsapho ezinkulu: Le bhonasi, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kutshintshiwe, iyaqhubeka isebenza kwabo baqeshe umqeshwa ngaphambi komhla woku-1 ku-Epreli 2023, okanye ngexesha lotshintsho elilawulwa emva koko. Ukuqeshwa okutsha, ibhonasi iya kuxhomekeka kwingeniso emitsha kunye nemimiselo yempahla.
- I-100% yebhonasi yokutshintsha amaxhoba obundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini okanye abo basemngciphekweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuncancisaKwiimeko zexeshana zokutshintsha umsebenzi olixhoba lobundlobongela obusekelwe kwisini, okanye ukuhlawulela ukungabikho emsebenzini ngenxa yemingcipheko ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuncancisa, ukubeleka, okanye ukhathalelo lwabantwana, ukucuthwa ngokupheleleyo komrhumo oqhelekileyo wokuvela kunokucelwa.
- Ibhonasi yokuqesha abantu abakhubazekileyoKukwakho nebhonasi ethile elungiselelwe abaqeshi abaqesha umsebenzi wasekhaya ovunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni, nangona ipesenti inokwahluka kwaye kufuneka icelwe ngokukodwa.
Kwiimeko ezininzi ezikhethekileyo, i umqeshi kufuneka angenise isicelo kwaye abonelele ngamaxwebhu yimfuneko ukubonisa imeko yakho. Azisetyenziswa ngokuzenzekelayo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba wazi kakuhle kwaye ungaphoswa kolu ncedo.
MEI: I-Intergenerational Equity Mechanism kunye nokuba iyichaphazela njani na i-quota yabasebenzi basemakhitshini
Into entsha ebalulekileyo ukususela ngoJanuwari 2023 kukuphunyezwa kwe I-MEI (Inkqubo yokuLingana ngokwezizukulwane). Esi sixhobo, esekwe kuMthetho wama-21/2021, sithetha igalelo elitsha elihlangeneyo labaqeshi nabasebenzi basekhaya, elijolise ukuqinisa ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lwenkqubo kwixesha elizayo.
Igalelo le-MEI li I-0,6% yesiseko somnikelo: 0,5% ithathwa ngumqeshi kunye ne-0,1% ngumqeshwa. Le mali yongezwa kuyo yonke iminikelo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo xa kubalwa intlawulo yenyanga iyonke. Ukuqonda ngcono ukuba olu tshintsho luchaphazela njani izaphulelo zokuqesha umgcini wendlu, sicebisa ukuba ujonge yethu.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokufikelela kwiibhonasi
Ukuze bazuze kwi izaphulelo kunye neebhonasi Xa uqesha umsebenzi wasekhaya, kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nothotho lwemiqathango:
- Awunayo amatyala angekahlawulwa noKhuseleko lweNtlalo okanye uNondyebo.
- Soloko usenza ngokusesikweni i ukubhaliswa komsebenzi kunye noKhuseleko lweNtlalo, kungakhathaliseki inani leeyure ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye uhlobo lwemisebenzi (ukucoca, ukunyamekela abancinci okanye abaxhomekeke, njl.).
- Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zengeniso okanye ze-asethi kwiimeko zeebhonasi ezikhethekileyo.
- Kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko, bonisa zonke iifom amaxwebhu axhasayo ethile (isatifikethi esikhulu sosapho, ukuqatshelwa kokukhubazeka, ubume bethutyana, njl. njl.).
Zakuba zifikelelwe ezi mfuno, imali exhuzulwayo isetyenziswa kwisiseko segalelo esingqinelanayo, esisisimbuku somvuzo wenyanga, inxalenye elinganiselweyo yeentlawulo ezongezelelweyo, izongezelelo zomvuzo (ezifana nomsebenzi wokufowuna, iishifti zasebusuku, njl. njl.), kunye nayo nayiphi na imbuyekezo yento ethile.
UKhuseleko lweNtlalo lukhumbuza abantu ngokubaluleka kokubala ngokuchanekileyo isiseko sabo somnikelo kunye nokuhlala benolwazi malunga neemali ezintsha ezipapashwa ngonyaka, njengoko oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukutsalwa okuchanekileyo kusetyenziswa.
Iinkqubo zokucela kwaye ujabulele izaphulelo
Uninzi lwe izaphulelo ezizenzekelayo Bafaka izicelo xa bebhalisa umsebenzi wasemakhitshini ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zoKhuseleko lwezeNtlalo. Kwimeko yeebhonasi ezikhethekileyo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uzicele ngokucacileyo, mhlawumbi ngoKhuseleko lweNtlalo okanye ulawulo olufanelekileyo, ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu afunekayo.
Ngexesha lenkqubo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isixhobo sokubala esisemthethweni soKhuseleko lwezeNtlalo ukuze ufumane eyona mali ichanekileyo phambi kokuba ugcwalise isicelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo naziphi na izaphulelo esele zenziwe. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uphonononge intlawulo yakho kunye nobume bebhonasi, ngakumbi emva kotshintsho lolawulo.
Ukuba kukho nasiphi na isiganeko okanye ukukhanyela ngokungafanelekanga ibhonasi, ibango lingafakwa kwi-Social Security, ebonisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno.
Ukufaneleka kweminikelo kunye neziqinisekiso zabasebenzi basekhaya
Enkosi ngezi zaphulelo kunye neebhonasi, amakhaya aya ngokuya eqesha kwaye ebhalisa abasebenzi basemakhitshini. Oku kubalulekile, njengoko kuqinisekisa ukufikelela kwabasebenzi kumalungelo asisiseko anje Uncedo lwezonyango, ukukhubazeka kwexeshana, izibonelelo zokungaphangeli kunye nomhlalaphantsi.
Ngaphezu koko, ukunikela ngokufanelekileyo nokonwatyiswa kwezi zikhuthazi kuvumela abaqeshi ukuba bathobele umthetho, baphephe izohlwayo, baze baphucule ukhuseleko lwabo olusemthethweni. Khumbula ukuba abasebenzi abaqeshwe ngeenkampani ababandakanywanga kwinkqubo ekhethekileyo yendlu, ngoko ke izaphulelo ezihlalutywe apha zisebenza kuphela xa isivumelwano senziwe ngokuthe ngqo yintsapho.
Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neenkqubo okanye ukuba ukulungele na ukufumana naziphi na izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nemithombo esemthethweni okanye uye kwi-arhente ekhethekileyo.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nezaphulelo kunye neebhonasi
Masiphendule eyona mibuzo ixhaphakileyo kwesi sihloko:
- Ngaba ndingazuza kwiibhonasi ezininzi ngexesha elinye? Akusoloko kusenzeka ukupakisha izaphulelo, njengoko ezinye zikhethekileyo. Umzekelo, inzuzo enkulu yosapho ayidityaniswa kwisaphulelo esiqhelekileyo sama-20%, nangona ingangqamana ne-80% yokungaphangeli kunye nebhonasi yeFOGASA.
- Kuthekani ukuba ndinamatyala kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo okanye uNondyebo? Awunakukwazi ukufikelela kwizaphulelo de ube uhlengahlengisa imeko yakho yezemali.
- Ngaba imirhumo kunye nezaphulelo ziyatshintsha minyaka le? Ipesenti idla ngokugcinwa, kodwa isiseko segalelo apho zisetyenziswe khona sinokuhlaziywa ngonyaka kunye noHlahlo Lwabiwo-mali lukaRhulumente Jikelele.
- Iqala nini ukusebenza ibhonasi yabaqeshi abanomvuzo omncinci? Ukusukela nge-1 ka-Epreli 2024, emva kokuba uphuhliso lolawulo oluyimfuneko luqala ukusebenza.
Le nkqubo yezaphulelo kunye neebhonasi zokuqesha umsebenzi wasekhaya eSpain unikeza iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kwabo benza ngokusesikweni ubudlelwane bezengqesho. Ukuhlala unolwazi kunye nokuthobela iimfuno kubalulekile ekwenzeni uninzi lwezi nzuzo kwaye ube negalelo kwimekobume yokusebenza enobulungisa nekhuselekileyo emakhayeni.
