Ukucinywa kombane kwakutshanje okushiye izigidi zabemi kuSingasiqithi weIberia besebumnyameni iye yavuselela ingxoxo ngendima yamandla ahlaziyekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lobonelelo lombane. Ngesehlo somhla wama-28 kuTshazimpuzi ka-2025, iSpain nePortugal zafumana enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu zamandla, oonobangela bazo zisacalulwa kwaye zivelisa impikiswano kuwo omabini amanqanaba ezobugcisa nezopolitiko.
Nangona amandla abuyiselwe kwiiyure ezimbalwa kuninzi lwenethiwekhi, isiganeko sibonise ubuthathaka besakhiwo. kwinkqubo yombane yesizwe. Ngelixa uphando luqhubela phambili, kugxilwe kumandla avuselelekayo, agxekwayo ngobunzima bokubonelela uzinzo xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yemveli efana nenyukliya okanye i-thermal.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lokucima kuka-Epreli 28?
Malunga ne-12:32 p.m., uA Ukuwa kombane kwaqhawula usinga-peninsula kwinkqubo yaseYurophu., ishiya izigidi zabasebenzisi bengenawo umbane eSpain, ePortugal nakwiindawo ezisemazantsi eFransi. Ngokutsho kwe-Red Eléctrica de España (REE), kwabakho ukwehla ngequbuliso kwisizukulwana se-photovoltaic, kunye nelahleko ye-gigawatts ye-15 yamandla kwimizuzwana nje emihlanu kumzantsi-ntshona we-peninsula, eye yehlisa yonke inkqubo kwimizuzu nje.
Ukucima kwangqamana nobukho obuphezulu bemithombo yolwazi ehlaziyekayo kwigridi, ngakumbi isola nomoya.. Ngelo xesha, ngaphezu kwe-60% yombane waseSpain uvela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali kunye nemibutho efana neSiseko esiVuselelekayo sigxininisa ukuba ukuqhawuka okukhulu kwaba sisiphumo, hayi eyona nto ibangela le ngxaki.
Iingqikelelo zokuqala zalatha kwi-cyberattack enokwenzeka okanye i-atmospheric egqithisileyo; Nangona kunjalo, zombini i-REE kunye namagunya aseYurophu kunye namaPhuthukezi Bakhuphela ngaphandle ukonakaliswa kwekhompyuter. Olunye uhlahlelo lucebisa ukuba unobangela ibikukudityaniswa kokusilela kweentambo zombane, ukungadibani kakuhle neFransi, kunye nobunzima bokulawula igridi elawulwa ngamandla avuselelekayo.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nozinzo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo
Ubunzima bokuhlaziya ukubonelela nge-inertia kunye nokomelela kwigridi ibe ngumxholo wengxoxo. kwiintsuku ezilandela ukucima umbane. Imithombo eqhelekileyo efana nezixhobo zombane zenyukliya, ezishushu, okanye ezisebenza ngamanzi zinika inertia yomatshini yendalo enceda ukuthoba i-oscillations kunye nokugcina igrid frequency. Ukuhlaziywa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuqhelekileyo zidibaniswe ngeenkqubo zombane ezingaboneleli ngokuthe ngqo ngokuzinza, okwenza kube sengozini yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwimfuno okanye ukubonelela.
Iingcali zidityaniswe nazo zigxininisa imfuno yeenkqubo zokugcina kunye neeteknoloji zolawulo oluphezulu (ezifana ne-Power Oscillation Damping, i-POD) ukuguquguquka kwe-cushion. Nangona kunjalo, Uninzi lwepaki yamandla avuselelekayo eSpain isenazo ezi zixhobo., ekubeni ukwamkelwa kwayo akukanyanzelwa ukuba kufakwe umthamo omtsha.
Uhlalutyo lobugcisa olwahlukeneyo luyavuma ukuba inkqubo yaseSpain yayisebenza ngomda wokhuseleko olwaneleyo., ngenkxaso eyaneleyo eqhelekileyo. Ngaphaya koko, i-REE idla ngokunqanda inaliti yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukugcina uzinzo ebusweni bomngcipheko onokwenzeka. Ukuvalwa okukhulu kwezixhobo zamandla elanga nawenyukliya, ngokuyinxenye, kwakuyimpendulo yokusebenza ekuhlalweni okuphindaphindayo kunye nelahleko yolungelelwaniso, endaweni yokuba unobangela wobunzima.
I-phenomenon ye-inertia ephantsi igxininiswe xa igridi ixhomekeke kwizityalo ezininzi ezihlaziyiweyo ngaphandle kwegalelo eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo. Le nyaniso, idityaniswa noqhagamshelo olulinganiselweyo kunye neYurophu (ngokungafane kwenzeke ukuba i-3-5% yomthamo ofakiweyo, ngaphantsi kwethagethi ye-EU), ithintela ukungeniswa kwamandla aneleyo ukulungelelanisa igridi kwiimeko ezinzima. I-Iberian Peninsula ihlala "isisiqithi sombane", ingakumbi esichengeni sokuwa kolu hlobo.
Izinto zobugcisa nezomntu: Kwenzeka ntoni?
Kuphando lokuqala, kufunyaniswe ukuba Uqhawulo oluzenzekelayo lwezityalo zamandla elanga nezenyukliya zenzekile xa igridi yefrikhwensi yehla. ngaphandle kwemida ekhuselekileyo. Le mpendulo, icwangciswe ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, ithintele umonakalo omkhulu kwiziseko ezingundoqo, kodwa yenze mandundu kakhulu umphumo we-domino obangele ukucima umbane ngokupheleleyo.
Iingcali ezininzi zikhomba ukunqongophala kweziseko zophuhliso, ukufumaneka okulinganiselweyo kweenkqubo zokugcina amandla, kunye nokucotha ukubandakanya ubugcisa bolawulo oluphezulu njengeendawo eziphambili zokulungisa. Ngokufanayo, i Ukunqongophala kwemigaqo yolungelelwaniso kunye nonxibelelwano olusebenzayo phakathi kwabaqhubi, amagcisa kunye nemibutho nabo baphembelela ubunzima bokulindela nokulawula imeko kaxakeka.
Amanye amagcisa eRed Eléctrica alumkisa ngelithi imigaqo yangoku ayikafuni ukuphunyezwa ngokubanzi kweenkqubo ezifana nePOD kwiipaki zamandla ahlaziyekayo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuthintela ukuguquguquka xa kukho ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukupheliswa kwemithombo eqhelekileyo efana nenyukliya nerhasi, ngokweengxelo ezininzi, kunokunciphisa ukomelela kwenkqubo ukuba inguqu ayikhatshwa ngamanyathelo afanelekileyo obugcisa.
Uhlalutyo lwe-CNMC kunye neRedeia sele lulumkisile malunga nemingcipheko yenkqubo ehlaziywayo elawulwayo ngaphandle kweziseko zoncedo ezaneleyo, ngakumbi ngeentsuku zemfuno ephantsi kunye nemveliso ephezulu yelanga, njengoko kwenzeka ngosuku lokucima umbane.
Iimpendulo zeziko kunye namanyathelo exesha elizayo
UMongameli Pedro Sánchez ubhengeze ukudalwa kwekhomishini yophando ukucacisa izizathu zesigwebo. kwaye yafuna intsebenziswano yazo zonke iinkampani zombane ukuze zamkele uphuculo kunye nobonelelo ngesiqinisekiso. Ngokufanayo, i-European Union kunye ne-ENTSO-E (i-European Network of Transmission Operators for Electricity) sele iqalise iipaneli zeengcali zokuphuhlisa iingcebiso kunye nokuqinisa ukuqina kweenkqubo ezidibeneyo.
Ngokwenxalenye yabo, i-Iberian kunye neFrench network operators basebenze ekudalweni kwe "iziqithi zombane" kunye nohlaziyo oluqhubekayo ngokuqukuqela okuvela eFransi nase-Morocco, kusebenze imigaqo yengxaki engazange ibonwe kulo mmandla.
Ukucima kukagesi kusebenze njengesikhumbuzo semfuneko yokukhawulezisa utyalo-mali kuqhagamshelo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezobuchwepheshe kulawulo olusebenzayo lwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kwigridi. Imibutho efana neGreenpeace, iRenewable Foundation, kunye ne-Ecologists kwi-Action igxininisa ukuba utshintsho lwamandla akufanele lumiswe, kodwa kufuneka lukhatshwe kukuhlaziywa kovavanyo lwezehlo, ukwandisa umthamo wokugcina, kunye nemimiselo eqinisekisa ukulingana kobugcisa begridi.
Ngaphandle kwezizathu ezichanekileyo, esi siganeko siye sabalaselisa Umngeni wokudibanisa ukuzinikela kumandla acocekileyo kunye nesibophelelo sokuqinisekisa unikezelo olukhuselekileyo noluzinzileyo. Inkqubela phambili kwi-100% yenkqubo yamandla ahlaziyekayo iya kuqhubeka, kodwa iziganeko ezinjengalezi zibonisa ukubaluleka kokomeleza igridi, ukutyala imali kwizisombululo zokugcina, kunye nokulungelelanisa imimiselo ukwenzela ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kungaphazamisi ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yombane yaseSpain.